Important Stuff: First Update in Decade of Oregon County "Affordable AND Available" Housing Supply by Income Brackets.

NLIHC has recently published statewide profiles of affordable and available housing supply HERE; state level data is found on page 5 . This required major data crunching from NLIHC and I am very appreciative of the amount of work that went into producing this data.

HUD has yet to update their CHAS (Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy) data in a user friendly format for 2010, so useable local HUD CHAS data on the supply of affordable and available housing remains stuck in a 2000 time warp. (National and regional "Affordable and available" housing supply is a key component of periodic HUD Worst Case Housing Needs Reports sent to the Congress; the 2009 report is HERE).

Why the concept of "Affordable AND Available" Housing Supply is So Important.

1. The count of a supply of units with market rents that are “affordable” to lower income families does NOT mean that those units are available or occupied by lower income households--a significant share of units with rents affordable to extremely low income and very low income renters are occupied by households with HIGHER incomes. 
2. As income increases, the "affordable AND available" supply of rental housing increases. In many cases there is a gross surplus of units affordable to households at 80% of median income, and only a very small deficit of affordable AND available units at that income level. That is one of the key reasons that subsidies for rental housing are NOT usually targeted at higher income levels.
   
3. For the lowest income families part of the solution is to create/preserve a universe of income restricted affordable housing that is reserved exclusively for use by extremely low income (less than 30% MFI) and very low income renters(less than 50% MFI)---"Project based assistance" of some kind. 
4. The graph pasted below uses 2010 Oregon data to illustrate how affordable AND available supply increases as income increases. In 2010 the Oregon estimate is that there were only 22 affordable AND available units for each 100 extremely low income (less than 30% MFI) renters, vs 95 for each 100 low income (less than 80% MFI) renters.  

PDF and Excel Versions
First Updated Oregon Affordable and Available Housing Supply Data In a Decade:
Included in a related NLIHC Oregon housing profile HERE is a map that includes county level affordable and available housing percentages (Housing profiles for Oregon Congressional Districts from NLIHC are also available HERE). 

Fortunately, I was able to obtain from Neighborhood Partnerships, a state partner of NLIHC, the Excel workbook that was used to create the county map in the NLIHC Oregon housing profile.(Tip of the hat to Janet Byrd, NP XO for providing Excel file within hours of my request).

I am posting the Excel workbook I received from NP with two additional worksheets added:
1. A worksheet with the statewide total from the NLIHC report for Oregon, along with the graph posted above.
2. A statewide and county summary by income group showing, per 100 renter households, the
A. Number/supply of units that would be affordable to that income group.
B. Number/supply of units that would be both "Affordable AND Available".

This second worksheet also includes a series of three graphs that visually show that data for households with incomes below 30%, 50%, and 80% MFI thresholds. (graphs are to the right of the summary table).

The 4 page PDF file I created HERE has only the statewide and county summary table and the three graphs that I created in the second worksheet. 

The Excel file/workbook, which contains the summary and graphs, AND all of the data for Oregon counties from NLIHC and NPF can be viewed/downloaded directly HERE and is also embedded below:



IMPORTANT NOTE: Estimates for Gilliam, Sherman, and Wheeler counties should be used with caution. These are counties with less than 100 renter households in an income category, less than 100 affordable units, or a high margin of error.

Originally created and posted on the Oregon Housing Blog.

A First: HUD Oregon LIHTC Data Merged with Census Tract 2010 Poverty Data from ACS.

HUD has updated (HERE) their LIHTC project database to include projects placed in service through 2010. For the first time the database includes 2010 geographic codes, including census tracts ID's/FIPS (I have posted the HUD LIHTC data dictionary, updated in July 2012, HERE). 

In advance of a more formal announcement from HUD of the changes (coming soon I expect HERE) I downloaded LIHTC data for 588 LIHTC projects (32,750 units) in Oregon. I imported that data into Excel and then merged the data with American Community Survey 2006-2010 poverty data for Oregon census tracts ( using ACS Table B06012). In the merged table I added columns/fields with formulas that identify high and low poverty rate categories and the names of metro areas and counties.

That combined table, the source LIHTC data from HUD, the poverty data from ACS, a pivot table, and two summary county level poverty rate tables are found in the Excel workbook found HERE.  

(Embed of this Excel workbook follows observations below and opens to summary table showing High Poverty LIHTC location %'s by county).

Some Initial Observations, 227 Oregon LIHTC Projects Placed Into Service in Last Decade (2001-2010)

LIHTC Projects/Units in High Poverty Census Tracts

• In Oregon, 42% of all projects and 48% of LIHTC low income units were located in high poverty census tracts (poverty rates of 20% or more).  
• In Multnomah County 65% of all projects and 72% of LIHTC low income units were located in high poverty census tracts (poverty rates of 20% or more).  
• Multnomah County accounts for 51% of all Oregon LIHTC projects (and 66% of all units) located in Census Tracts with known poverty rates of 20% and higher. 

LIHTC Projects/Units in LOW Poverty Census Tracts

• In Oregon, 12% of all projects and 13% of all LIHTC low income units were located in low poverty census tracts (poverty rate 10% or below).  
• In Multnomah County 8% of all projects and 4% of all LIHTC low income units were located in low poverty census tracts (poverty rate 10% or below).
• Multnomah County accounts for 21% of all Oregon LIHTC projects (and 16% of all units) located in census tracts with poverty rates of 10% and lower.

Notes:
1. All project and unit count percentages are for LIHTC projects where CT's were identified and could be matched with poverty rates; 2 projects placed into service in last decade did not have identifiable CT information
2. At the top of the pivot table I have filtered LIHTC projects to select only those with placed in service dates from 2001-2010.
3. Projects placed in service in 2011 and 2012 are not included in the HUD data; my guess is that there may be 20 or so LIHTC projects in service that are not included in the HUD data.

Combinations with Other ACS and Census Data Now Possible
While I have focused on poverty rates for LIHTC projects, the addition of 2010 Census Tract ID's make it possible to combine LIHTC data with other demographic information available at the census tract level.  Examples include race, ethnicity, diversity, incomes, and tenure. The HUD database also includes additional information on LIHTC projects (source of funding, bedroom size, targeted populations) and additional geographic information including latitude and longitude values that can be used for mapping.

Excel Embed:

Originally created and posted on the Oregon Housing Blog. 

New Tool to Search 233,000 Oregon HMDA 2010 Housing Loan Applications.

In time for the OHCS Housing Conference this week I have put together an Excel workbook HERE with HMDA data for all Oregon MSA's for 2010 [Database also includes Clark and Skamania counties in Washington state as they are in Portland MSA]. 

This Excel 2007/2010 file includes data on 233,512 Oregon residential loan applications in 2010. (NOTE: File is large at 100+ MB's; that's because it contains 71 fields for each loan application/record -more than 16.5 MILLON pieces of data. 

To download the file do NOT attempt to open file within the browser but instead right click file link and save to your PC; be patient as it will take a few minutes to download. A PC with lots of memory and a higher processor speed is recommended.

This database starts with 46 fields of HMDA  2010 data that I downloaded for each Oregon MSA from FFIEC. I then added 25 fields of data to the right of the HMDA data that substitute NAMES values for CODE values that appear in several HMDA fields. [The code sheet for Loan Application Register data from FFIEC is HERE].

Example: HMDA data uses a minority race code of "3" for African American applicants, I added a NAME race code field that that shows "African American".
 
I ALSO merged the HMDA Oregon MSA data with several fields from the "Reporter" HMDA database to add NAMES to codes used to show which lender reported the data, where the lender was located etc. 

The end result is a database that shows at census tract, county, MSA, and state levels:

• Demographic data for each loan applicant, including income, race, ethnicity, and sex.
• Demographic data for the census tract and metro area for the property.
• The loan type [FHA etc], purpose [purchase/refinance etc], loan amount/spread.
• The outcome of each loan application and reasons for denial.
• The lender who reported the loan application result.

As a tease of what's in the workbook the legal sized PDF HERE [worksheet 3 in the workbook] shows for Oregon only, owner occupied home purchase originations by loan type [FHA etc] by ethnicity and then by race.  The table shows :

• That 61.6% of owner occupied home purchase loan originations for Hispanics were FHA loans, compared to an FHA share of owner occupied home purchase orginations to non Hispanics of 39.8%.

• That FHA had 61.9% of the owner occupied home purchase African American loan originations, but only 41.3% of owner occupied home purchase white loan originations

To go deeper I have provided a PIVOT table in the workbook allowing users to EASILY slice and dice the HMDA data in countless ways.

The Pivot default in the workbook is set for Oregon ONLY to retrieve by borrower race, the number of Owner occupied, Home Purchase Principle Residence Loan Originations by loan program (FHA, VA, Conventional, RD).


A short summary of some of the additional data the Pivot table can reveal: 

Subtotal, OREGON Only Owner Occupied Loan Originations Summary, Excluding Manufactured Housing:

• 23,334 Owner Occupied Principle Residence Home Purchase Loan Originations
• 64,128 Owner Occupied Principle Residence Home Refinance Originations

Subtotal, Oregon Only Manufactured Home Loan Originations

• 1,599 Manufactured Home Loan Originations; of those only 576 were Owner Occupied Principle Residence Home Purchase Loan Originations.

Subtotal, Washington State ONLY(Clark County+Skamania County) [Skamania county loans have a  Washington State Code and a "59" county code or a "N/A" code in the County Name Field].

• Excluding Manufactured Housing, 30,276 Loan Applications. 
• 450 Manufactured Housing Loan Applications.

While these are STATE level examples, similar data can be retrieved at the census tract, county, and MSA levels. (Database doesn't include a city data field, but CT data could be combined with other data sources to arrive at summaries at the City level).

The complete list of worksheets in the workbook : 

READ ME
1 Pivot
2 Oregon MSA HMDA Data 2010
3 OO Home Purchase Race OR
4 Race Ethnic  by County
5. Race Eth Originations Cnty
6. 2010 Reporter

Originally created and posted on the Oregon Housing Blog.